OUR MODEL
Our model considers how price, communication, and technology shift EV charging to different periods of the day, and how this impacts human health, the environment, and the electrical grid. Our model combines price and non-price interventions with basic contextual information to determine how demand may change.
Our price interventions include discounts, rebates, and completely new price schedules (Time-of-Use [TOU] rates). A discount is typically a price reduction in the middle of the day to encourage load increase. A rebate is a payment to a consumer for reducing load when demand is high. Price is factored in using elasticities, which represent how electricity demand responds to price increases or decreases at any point in the day. Until elasticities are estimated empirically for our 4 long-dwell locations, elasticities from other charging locations provide a reasonable proxy.
Our 2 non-price interventions are throttling and communication. Throttling represents a 50% forced reduction in load, which occurs when the utility physically reduces power to the charger. A communication intervention involves notifying drivers about a price change or the impact of charging on air pollution.
Using this information, we model the change in EV charging demand over the course of the day under any package of interventions. We then consider the impacts of these changes on climate change, health, and solar energy use, by using projected, conservative hourly fuel mixes and emissions factors for 2018 and 2030.
Here's a conceptual overview of our model:
Our price interventions include discounts, rebates, and completely new price schedules (Time-of-Use [TOU] rates). A discount is typically a price reduction in the middle of the day to encourage load increase. A rebate is a payment to a consumer for reducing load when demand is high. Price is factored in using elasticities, which represent how electricity demand responds to price increases or decreases at any point in the day. Until elasticities are estimated empirically for our 4 long-dwell locations, elasticities from other charging locations provide a reasonable proxy.
Our 2 non-price interventions are throttling and communication. Throttling represents a 50% forced reduction in load, which occurs when the utility physically reduces power to the charger. A communication intervention involves notifying drivers about a price change or the impact of charging on air pollution.
Using this information, we model the change in EV charging demand over the course of the day under any package of interventions. We then consider the impacts of these changes on climate change, health, and solar energy use, by using projected, conservative hourly fuel mixes and emissions factors for 2018 and 2030.
Here's a conceptual overview of our model:
APPLICATION
